Figured I'd give an update. Took a couple of photos of the damage. These are the only photos that actually shows something (my phone camera sucks). One is on the other side of the shower wall (bedroom shares a wall) and the other is under the tub (after it dried out for 12 hours). Looks like the water is getting behind the tile, traveling down the backerboard, and dripping on the flooring below the tub. It pools along the bottom frame of the wall separating the bathroom and bedroom, and is making its under the frame to the other side.
I caulked the shit out of the shower tile as a bandaid so we can still use the shower. Gotta figure out what to do next.
http://i.imgur.com/QroulVj.jpg